Fig. 2

Inflorescence opening, odor release, and insect visitation patterns in the model Phytelephas aequatorialis. a Inflorescence opening. Distribution of opening events during the first day of anthesis for male (n = 15, blue curve), and female inflorescences (n = 14, orange curve). The overlap coefficient (Δ) is the area under both curves that is shaded in grey. b Inflorescence scent. Generalized additive model (GAM) curves of the release time of the volatile compound p-methylanisole in female (n = 89) and male (n = 80) inflorescences. The solid line of the GAM model is the predicted average amount of p-methylanisole released at each time of day and the shaded area indicates the 95% confidence interval of the prediction. The solid dots of the GAM model represent 75% of the maximum p-methylanisole scent emission captured in female and male inflorescences used to construct the model (n = 48 for females and n = 31 for males). The empty dots in the GAM model represent individual odor measurements collected from all sampled inflorescences (n = 89 for females and n = 80 for males). Each point corresponds to an independent odor sampling in the inflorescences. The shape of the dots represents the day from the anthesis in which we performed the odor sampling. A circle for the first day, a triangle for the second day, and a rectangle for the third day. c Visiting insects. Relative abundance of the insect community visiting male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) artificial flowers throughout the day. The solid lines represent the mean relative abundance per hour and the shaded area is the standard deviation per hour